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    A Chocoholic’s Dream

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    NEW YORK (UPI) — The American Museum of Natural History’s delectable new exhibition, “Chocolate,” is fun for the whole family and educational, too, especially for chocoholics who want to know more about their favorite sweet.

    Lovers of chocolate today think of it as a solid, usually in the form of candy, but for 90 percent of its history it was consumed in liquid form as a bitter, spicy drink. It wasn’t combined with sugar to make it a sweet drink until it was imported into Spain in the form of beans from Mexico in the 16th century.

    This is just one of the highlights in the romantic history of the cacao (generally called cocoa) bean, a member of the botanical genus Theobroma, meaning “food for the gods.” It is a story delightfully told through the display of more than 200 objects in free-standing exhibit stations, some of them interactive; several videos showing processing of the bean; photos; posters, and wall murals.

    On view through Sept. 7, “Chocolate” touches on botany, ecology, anthropology, economics, conservation, and popular culture in a painless way pitched to the intellectual level of grade school students. The show is on a national tour developed by The Field Museum in Chicago, and all textual material is in English and Spanish.

    The exhibit opens with a display of archaeological items, such as painted clay Maya pots used for ceremonial consumption of chocolate whipped into a froth, and ends on a note of fantasy — an upended chocolate box of giant proportions containing a mixture of assorted chocolates and video monitors showing chocolate lovers talking about their beloved bean. Pouffe seating is provided in front of the exhibit in the form of chocolate bonbons in their frilled wrappings.

    Elsewhere the viewer learns that cacao beans come from yellow pods the size of pineapples that spring from the trunk of an evergreen tree. Each pod holds 30 to 50 beans, enough to make seven l.5-ounce milk chocolate bars. Although the tree originated in Central America, less than 2 percent of cacao comes from that region today, with Africa accounting for more than 50 percent of production.

    Cacao is so important to the current economy of Ghana that some wealthy chocolate kings choose to be buried in wooden coffins shaped and painted like cacao pods, one of which is among the most popular displays in the show. The coffin-maker, Kane Kwei, has attached his sculptured pod to a three-foot-high tree trunk bearing smaller pods to make it more realistic.

    Almost as exotic is the lengths to which European porcelain manufacturers went to turn out attractive hot chocolate services once the craze for the seductive drink hit its peak in the 18th century with 2,000 public chocolate house open for business in London alone. There is a splendid display of delicate Meissen ware from Germany including a 20-piece chocolate set designed for travelers and examples of silver chocolate pots.

    The European market for cacao and the sugar to sweeten it played a large role in the demand for African and native Indian slave labor to work the plantations of the Americas and the Caribbean, resulting in protests about inhuman working conditions from even a man like British chocolate-maker William Cadbury who expressed his concerns in a letter included in the exhibit. Cadbury’s introduced the first box of chocolates in 1868 and later the first Valentine’s Day candy box.

    A Dutch chemist, Coenraad van Houten, invented in 1828 the cocoa press for cheap extraction of cocoa butter, the basis of most chocolate products. The show includes a plethora of chocolate products including tins of Dutch powdered chocolate along with early Swiss milk chocolate bars using the Nestle brothers’ creation, powdered milk, and products churned out by Rodolph Lindt. America’s contribution to chocolate culture is represented by the products of Pennsylvania confectioner Milton S. Hershey and such concoctions as Ovaltine and Cocoa-Crush beverages.

    Today there are nearly 40,000 kinds of chocolate sold in the United States and prices for raw cocao are posted daily by the Coffee, Sugar, and Cocoa Exchange in New York on a running ticker, also on display. The marketing of products is well documented with examples of packaging for foods that contain chocolate such as cake mixes and hot mole sauce, a specialty of Mexico.

    Utensils associated with chocolate culture are found throughout the show. There are many examples of molinillos, the traditional wooden stirring sticks used to whip chocolate, tiny 18th century porcelain spoons to stir chocolate drinks, novelty molds to shape chocolate into Santa Clauses and Easter bunnies, and machetes for cutting pods from trees along with baskets for collecting them and mats for drying them.

    Chocolate was considered so important to the diet and happiness of U.S. military personnel in World War II that nearly all the chocolate produced for the four war years was earmarked for the military, and even today in Iraq American Army D-rations include three four-ounce chocolate bars. And, yes, chocolate has been into space. It went as dietary rations aboard the space shuttle Columbia.

    Having feasted on a plethora of information and display, the visitor to “Chocolate” can visit the show’s gift shop and stock up on chocolate in many commercial forms, books about the subject, T-shirts, and other souvenirs. Or they can visit a small caf

    Shift in Burden Could Occur

    0

    Recent controversy over the impact of the tax incentives for high technology and venture capital seems to have been caught up with emotion and lost sight of the very hard dollars and sense side of the issue.

    House lawmakers basically rejected any suggestion from the administration that the legislation be fixed to address the abuse of the tax credits available under Act 221. As a result, as losses begin to mount and the amounts claimed has grown from a few hundred thousand dollars to more than $40 million in the year 2001, the pressure to find new revenue to replace the amount lost to the credits will begin to soar.

    That’s why it is difficult to understand why lawmakers who were so anxious to override the governor’s veto of several appropriation measures would be so ardent in their defense of these tax credits. It is not like the administration is asking to repeal the credits, but to merely make the threshold black and white so people will be able to understand what qualifies and what does not.

    Even business organizations that one would usually think would oppose increases in taxes unilaterally have come to the defense of the Act 221 credits. So will those business organizations be as willing to accept a tax increase to insure the funding of state programs while some taxpayers continue to collect their tax credits from Act 221? Are they willing to sacrifice the outlook for businesses who don=t qualify for these tax credits?

    Again, reform of Act 221 is not ”’repeal,”’ it is ”’reform.”’ The two changes requested make a lot of just basic common sense. One change would delete the provision that the law be “liberally construed.” That provision allows almost any activity that may employ some means of high technology to basically argue that it qualifies for the credit. This provision would allow something like the upgrading of a firm’s data storage system to qualify because of the firm’s records would now be placed on a computer system, or for that matter, a live musical concert which is recorded on high technology equipment and reproduced on a DVD might possibly qualify.

    The other fix requested by the administration would change the basis for the research tax credit from applying to all research activities to applying only to that amount that represents an increase over the prior year. This latter interpretation is how the federal law is applied with respect to tax credits for research. Thus, Hawaii’s tax credit for research is available to companies who continue to do the same amount of research as last year. Thus, it does not encourage investment of additional dollars in research and more than likely does not create new jobs.

    While the defenders of Act 221 claim that the credit will help to diversify the economy, one has to ask at what price and at whose expense? If lawmakers cannot find reductions in state spending and apparently they cannot given the override of the governor’s vetoes, and they are unwilling to stop the hemorrhaging of the state’s tax collections, then the only other alternative is to raise taxes. If that is the case, then what will that mean for all other taxpayers? The tax burden will be cranked up yet another notch and even more businesses will either go out of business or lose their competitive edge in the world marketplace.

    Of course, since elected officials won’t want to incur the wrath of their voters, it is more than likely they will target businesses for these tax increases, figuring businesses can “pass” it on to others. Again, the fatal error is that many of the customers they will pass the added cost on to are you and me. And if they can’t pass it on as an increased cost will mean consumers will stop buying the product or service, they will have to absorb the cost by either laying off personnel or cutting hours and benefits for workers.

    Finally, lawmakers, as well as taxpayers, should recognize that the Act 221 tax credits are not tax incentives in the truest sense but are merely subsidies of hard-earned taxpayer dollars. Given that they are handouts if they are refundable or they are a reduction of future tax collections if nonrefundable, the tax credits are nothing more than another expenditure program of state government.

    To make a clearer distinction, are lawmakers saying that spending on high technology companies is as high a priority as the health and human services that they were so eager to override vetoes for or was that all a show of political upmanship?

    ”’Lowell L. Kalapa is the president of the Tax Foundation of Hawaii, a private, non-profit educational organization. For more information, please call 536-4587 or log on to”’ https://www.tfhawaii.org

    Shift in Burden Could Occur

    0

    Recent controversy over the impact of the tax incentives for high technology and venture capital seems to have been caught up with emotion and lost sight of the very hard dollars and sense side of the issue.

    House lawmakers basically rejected any suggestion from the administration that the legislation be fixed to address the abuse of the tax credits available under Act 221. As a result, as losses begin to mount and the amounts claimed has grown from a few hundred thousand dollars to more than $40 million in the year 2001, the pressure to find new revenue to replace the amount lost to the credits will begin to soar.

    That’s why it is difficult to understand why lawmakers who were so anxious to override the governor’s veto of several appropriation measures would be so ardent in their defense of these tax credits. It is not like the administration is asking to repeal the credits, but to merely make the threshold black and white so people will be able to understand what qualifies and what does not.

    Even business organizations that one would usually think would oppose increases in taxes unilaterally have come to the defense of the Act 221 credits. So will those business organizations be as willing to accept a tax increase to insure the funding of state programs while some taxpayers continue to collect their tax credits from Act 221? Are they willing to sacrifice the outlook for businesses who don=t qualify for these tax credits?

    Again, reform of Act 221 is not ”’repeal,”’ it is ”’reform.”’ The two changes requested make a lot of just basic common sense. One change would delete the provision that the law be “liberally construed.” That provision allows almost any activity that may employ some means of high technology to basically argue that it qualifies for the credit. This provision would allow something like the upgrading of a firm’s data storage system to qualify because of the firm’s records would now be placed on a computer system, or for that matter, a live musical concert which is recorded on high technology equipment and reproduced on a DVD might possibly qualify.

    The other fix requested by the administration would change the basis for the research tax credit from applying to all research activities to applying only to that amount that represents an increase over the prior year. This latter interpretation is how the federal law is applied with respect to tax credits for research. Thus, Hawaii’s tax credit for research is available to companies who continue to do the same amount of research as last year. Thus, it does not encourage investment of additional dollars in research and more than likely does not create new jobs.

    While the defenders of Act 221 claim that the credit will help to diversify the economy, one has to ask at what price and at whose expense? If lawmakers cannot find reductions in state spending and apparently they cannot given the override of the governor’s vetoes, and they are unwilling to stop the hemorrhaging of the state’s tax collections, then the only other alternative is to raise taxes. If that is the case, then what will that mean for all other taxpayers? The tax burden will be cranked up yet another notch and even more businesses will either go out of business or lose their competitive edge in the world marketplace.

    Of course, since elected officials won’t want to incur the wrath of their voters, it is more than likely they will target businesses for these tax increases, figuring businesses can “pass” it on to others. Again, the fatal error is that many of the customers they will pass the added cost on to are you and me. And if they can’t pass it on as an increased cost will mean consumers will stop buying the product or service, they will have to absorb the cost by either laying off personnel or cutting hours and benefits for workers.

    Finally, lawmakers, as well as taxpayers, should recognize that the Act 221 tax credits are not tax incentives in the truest sense but are merely subsidies of hard-earned taxpayer dollars. Given that they are handouts if they are refundable or they are a reduction of future tax collections if nonrefundable, the tax credits are nothing more than another expenditure program of state government.

    To make a clearer distinction, are lawmakers saying that spending on high technology companies is as high a priority as the health and human services that they were so eager to override vetoes for or was that all a show of political upmanship?

    ”’Lowell L. Kalapa is the president of the Tax Foundation of Hawaii, a private, non-profit educational organization. For more information, please call 536-4587 or log on to”’ https://www.tfhawaii.org

    Grassroot Perspective – July 29, 2003-Judge Nixes Government Delay of Doctors' Trial; Do Over; Direct Democracy and the Size of Government

    0

    “Dick Rowland Image”

    ”Shoots (News, Views and Quotes)”

    – Judge Nixes Government Delay of Doctors’ Trial

    AAPS Accuses Prosecutors of Stall Tactics

    Contact: Kathryn Serkes

    Association of American Physicians & Surgeons, 202.333.3855, mailto:kaserkes@att.net see Web site at: https://www.aapsonline.org

    TUCSON, AZ – July 3, 2003 — A federal judge has told prosecutions to
    stop dragging their feet, and get on with the trial of Tucson physician,
    Jeri Hassman, accused of 67 counts of wrongful prescribing of pain
    medication for her patients.

    In a court proceeding this week, prosecutors from the United States
    Attorney’s office asked to delay the trial for almost a year. But Judge
    David Bury refused, noting in his opening remarks that the trial had
    already been continued from the original May 28 court date.

    “The federal government was ready to indict Dr. Hassman, to shut down
    her practice, to force her pain patients to find another physician, and
    to drive her into bankruptcy,” said Jane M. Orient, M.D., Executive
    Director of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, a
    national physician organization that supports Dr. Hassman.

    “But when it comes time to go in the courtroom where Dr. Hassman will
    finally be found innocent, it claims that it is not ready to go to
    trial, where it would have prove its case to a jury,” said Dr. Orient.
    The FBI has been investigating Dr. Hassman since 1998, and executed a
    search warrant in May, 2002. “Isn’t that enough time to pull a case
    together if they really had one?”

    Dr. Orient said that the prosecution’s case may be falling apart because
    of their reliance on a suspect expert witness. “Apparently, the
    government now thinks that its own expert witness used to get the
    indictment and to get Dr. Hassman’s DEA registration suspended isn’t
    good enough for the trial. They want more time to shop for a new one,”
    she said.

    Dr. Orient further points out that the witness, Dr. Bradford Hare, was a
    key witness in the first trial of Dr. Robert Weitzel of Utah, who was
    charged with murder and convicted of negligent homicide and manslaughter
    in the deaths of five elderly patients. But Dr. Weitzel was eventually
    acquitted at a second trial when it was exposed that the government had
    concealed problems with the evidence of the expert witnesses.

    “They can hold her hostage with these delays. They can ruin her without
    ever going to court to prove a thing with demands that drive up her
    legal bills, and prejudicial assertions that besmirch her reputation. If
    they can’t make a case by now, maybe they should admit to making a
    mistake and let a good doctor get back to treating her patients,” she
    concluded.

    – Do Over

    It might be funny if so much were not at stake. Months after the
    “federalization” of airport security was supposed to solve all the
    problems of air travel, airports are pining for the day of private
    security forces. Turns out the Transportation Security Administration
    produced a rigid, bureaucratic work force that cannot adjust to meet the
    rapid changes experienced by the up-and-down airline world.

    PWow. The next thing you know, the public sector union trying to
    organize the government’s screeners will say that private contractors
    are a bad idea who will put the nation at risk.

    “It’s the wrong message in the war on terror,” Peter Winch, national
    organizer for the American Federation of Government Employees, told The
    Washington Post. “For TSA, just supervising a bunch of contract
    operations would lead to different standards at different airports. It
    would get away from one national security system.”

    Nonetheless, if airports see that TSA screeners cannot get people on and
    off planes in a timely, safe manner, they will look elsewhere.

    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A55670-2003May29.html?nav=hptoc_b

    Above article is quoted from The Reason Express, Reason’s Weekly
    Dispatch June 3, 2003 https://www.reason.com

    ”Roots (Food for Thought)”

    – Direct Democracy and the Size of Government

    By Amy K. Frantz

    The initiative and referendum allow voters to have a direct voice in
    government, but research appears to show that, overall, these tools of
    direct democracy have little or no effect on limiting the size or growth
    of government. Professor Gary M. Anderson explores this concept in
    “Referendum, Redistribution, and Tax Exemption: A Rent-Seeking Theory of
    Direct Democracy,” a chapter from POLITICS, TAXATION, AND THE RULE OF
    LAW, a new book from Public Interest Institute.

    Twenty-four states allow some type of initiative or referendum process.
    The initiative process permits citizens to draft their own legislation
    and, if they are able to obtain enough support by gathering signatures
    on a petition, to place that measure on the ballot for consideration by
    the voters. With the referendum, voters consider laws that were
    previously enacted by state or local governments. A referendum can be
    undertaken by citizens, gathering signatures to allow consideration of a
    previously-enacted law, or by the Legislative body itself, seeking voter
    approval of a law it has adopted.

    Initiative and referendum provide the voters a means to overcome their
    elected officials’ lack of action or actions taken in the officials’ own
    self-interest rather than the interests of the citizens they represent.
    “In other words, the institutions of direct democracy in the form of the
    initiative/referendum amount to a kind of constitutional constraint on
    the behavior of governmental decision-makers.”

    However, as a means to limit government spending, “direct democracy”
    doesn’t seem to make much difference. Studies on this subject do not
    yield any significant results. Some studies show the initiative process
    results in higher expenditures; others show government expenditures are
    lower when the initiative process is available to voters. “Often the
    true aim of initiatives and referendums is clearly to ease and
    accelerate [the] growth [of government].”

    Governments impose “coercive levies” on society, sometimes to raise
    revenue, other times to attempt to influence behavior (e.g., imposing
    higher tobacco taxes to discourage smoking). The tax burden created by
    this imposition is “allocated between the producers and consumers. This
    allocation process is accessible to private interest groups who may
    invest resources for the purpose of affecting the burden distribution in
    their favor.”

    In the states in which the initiative process is available, interest
    groups that would typically lobby the government might instead turn to
    the initiative process as a more secure and long-lasting means of
    achieving their goals. An interest group may obtain a favorable outcome
    from the Legislature, with the passage of a law that places more of the
    tax burden on some other segment of the population. But the Legislature
    can only provide a statutory solution; as the Legislature changes, the
    interest group must continue to lobby to maintain support for the law.
    However, if the interest group can use the initiative process to secure
    a Constitutional Amendment, it will be more difficult in the future to
    eliminate or change the benefit it provides to the interest group.

    The initiative and referendum process – tools of direct democracy — are
    often promoted as a means of limiting the size and scope of government.
    In this chapter, the author contends that, “whatever its other impacts
    or implications [the initiative and referendum process] functions as a
    means by which the tax burden is rearranged to the benefit of particular
    interest groups and to the detriment of others; in other words, a
    coercive wealth transfer.”

    Above article is quoted from Public Interest Institute at Iowa Wesleyan
    College, Institute Brief June 2003, https://www.limitedgovernment.org

    ”Evergreen (Today’s Quotes)”

    “To really participate in the Divine Task, man must place his ideals as
    high as possible, out of reach if necessary.” — Lecomte Du Nouy

    “[The Constitution preserves]the advantage of being armed which
    Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation [where]
    the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms.” — James
    Madison

    ”’Edited by Richard O. Rowland, president of Grassroot Institute of Hawaii, 1314 S. King Street, Suite 1163, Honolulu, HI 96814. Phone/fax is 808-591-9193, cell phone is 808-864-1776. Send him an email at:”’ mailto:grassroot@hawaii.rr.com ”’See the Web site at:”’ https://www.grassrootinstitute.org/

    Grassroot Perspective – July 29, 2003-Judge Nixes Government Delay of Doctors’ Trial; Do Over; Direct Democracy and the Size of Government

    0

    “Dick Rowland Image”

    ”Shoots (News, Views and Quotes)”

    – Judge Nixes Government Delay of Doctors’ Trial

    AAPS Accuses Prosecutors of Stall Tactics

    Contact: Kathryn Serkes

    Association of American Physicians & Surgeons, 202.333.3855, mailto:kaserkes@att.net see Web site at: https://www.aapsonline.org

    TUCSON, AZ – July 3, 2003 — A federal judge has told prosecutions to
    stop dragging their feet, and get on with the trial of Tucson physician,
    Jeri Hassman, accused of 67 counts of wrongful prescribing of pain
    medication for her patients.

    In a court proceeding this week, prosecutors from the United States
    Attorney’s office asked to delay the trial for almost a year. But Judge
    David Bury refused, noting in his opening remarks that the trial had
    already been continued from the original May 28 court date.

    “The federal government was ready to indict Dr. Hassman, to shut down
    her practice, to force her pain patients to find another physician, and
    to drive her into bankruptcy,” said Jane M. Orient, M.D., Executive
    Director of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, a
    national physician organization that supports Dr. Hassman.

    “But when it comes time to go in the courtroom where Dr. Hassman will
    finally be found innocent, it claims that it is not ready to go to
    trial, where it would have prove its case to a jury,” said Dr. Orient.
    The FBI has been investigating Dr. Hassman since 1998, and executed a
    search warrant in May, 2002. “Isn’t that enough time to pull a case
    together if they really had one?”

    Dr. Orient said that the prosecution’s case may be falling apart because
    of their reliance on a suspect expert witness. “Apparently, the
    government now thinks that its own expert witness used to get the
    indictment and to get Dr. Hassman’s DEA registration suspended isn’t
    good enough for the trial. They want more time to shop for a new one,”
    she said.

    Dr. Orient further points out that the witness, Dr. Bradford Hare, was a
    key witness in the first trial of Dr. Robert Weitzel of Utah, who was
    charged with murder and convicted of negligent homicide and manslaughter
    in the deaths of five elderly patients. But Dr. Weitzel was eventually
    acquitted at a second trial when it was exposed that the government had
    concealed problems with the evidence of the expert witnesses.

    “They can hold her hostage with these delays. They can ruin her without
    ever going to court to prove a thing with demands that drive up her
    legal bills, and prejudicial assertions that besmirch her reputation. If
    they can’t make a case by now, maybe they should admit to making a
    mistake and let a good doctor get back to treating her patients,” she
    concluded.

    – Do Over

    It might be funny if so much were not at stake. Months after the
    “federalization” of airport security was supposed to solve all the
    problems of air travel, airports are pining for the day of private
    security forces. Turns out the Transportation Security Administration
    produced a rigid, bureaucratic work force that cannot adjust to meet the
    rapid changes experienced by the up-and-down airline world.

    PWow. The next thing you know, the public sector union trying to
    organize the government’s screeners will say that private contractors
    are a bad idea who will put the nation at risk.

    “It’s the wrong message in the war on terror,” Peter Winch, national
    organizer for the American Federation of Government Employees, told The
    Washington Post. “For TSA, just supervising a bunch of contract
    operations would lead to different standards at different airports. It
    would get away from one national security system.”

    Nonetheless, if airports see that TSA screeners cannot get people on and
    off planes in a timely, safe manner, they will look elsewhere.

    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A55670-2003May29.html?nav=hptoc_b

    Above article is quoted from The Reason Express, Reason’s Weekly
    Dispatch June 3, 2003 https://www.reason.com

    ”Roots (Food for Thought)”

    – Direct Democracy and the Size of Government

    By Amy K. Frantz

    The initiative and referendum allow voters to have a direct voice in
    government, but research appears to show that, overall, these tools of
    direct democracy have little or no effect on limiting the size or growth
    of government. Professor Gary M. Anderson explores this concept in
    “Referendum, Redistribution, and Tax Exemption: A Rent-Seeking Theory of
    Direct Democracy,” a chapter from POLITICS, TAXATION, AND THE RULE OF
    LAW, a new book from Public Interest Institute.

    Twenty-four states allow some type of initiative or referendum process.
    The initiative process permits citizens to draft their own legislation
    and, if they are able to obtain enough support by gathering signatures
    on a petition, to place that measure on the ballot for consideration by
    the voters. With the referendum, voters consider laws that were
    previously enacted by state or local governments. A referendum can be
    undertaken by citizens, gathering signatures to allow consideration of a
    previously-enacted law, or by the Legislative body itself, seeking voter
    approval of a law it has adopted.

    Initiative and referendum provide the voters a means to overcome their
    elected officials’ lack of action or actions taken in the officials’ own
    self-interest rather than the interests of the citizens they represent.
    “In other words, the institutions of direct democracy in the form of the
    initiative/referendum amount to a kind of constitutional constraint on
    the behavior of governmental decision-makers.”

    However, as a means to limit government spending, “direct democracy”
    doesn’t seem to make much difference. Studies on this subject do not
    yield any significant results. Some studies show the initiative process
    results in higher expenditures; others show government expenditures are
    lower when the initiative process is available to voters. “Often the
    true aim of initiatives and referendums is clearly to ease and
    accelerate [the] growth [of government].”

    Governments impose “coercive levies” on society, sometimes to raise
    revenue, other times to attempt to influence behavior (e.g., imposing
    higher tobacco taxes to discourage smoking). The tax burden created by
    this imposition is “allocated between the producers and consumers. This
    allocation process is accessible to private interest groups who may
    invest resources for the purpose of affecting the burden distribution in
    their favor.”

    In the states in which the initiative process is available, interest
    groups that would typically lobby the government might instead turn to
    the initiative process as a more secure and long-lasting means of
    achieving their goals. An interest group may obtain a favorable outcome
    from the Legislature, with the passage of a law that places more of the
    tax burden on some other segment of the population. But the Legislature
    can only provide a statutory solution; as the Legislature changes, the
    interest group must continue to lobby to maintain support for the law.
    However, if the interest group can use the initiative process to secure
    a Constitutional Amendment, it will be more difficult in the future to
    eliminate or change the benefit it provides to the interest group.

    The initiative and referendum process – tools of direct democracy — are
    often promoted as a means of limiting the size and scope of government.
    In this chapter, the author contends that, “whatever its other impacts
    or implications [the initiative and referendum process] functions as a
    means by which the tax burden is rearranged to the benefit of particular
    interest groups and to the detriment of others; in other words, a
    coercive wealth transfer.”

    Above article is quoted from Public Interest Institute at Iowa Wesleyan
    College, Institute Brief June 2003, https://www.limitedgovernment.org

    ”Evergreen (Today’s Quotes)”

    “To really participate in the Divine Task, man must place his ideals as
    high as possible, out of reach if necessary.” — Lecomte Du Nouy

    “[The Constitution preserves]the advantage of being armed which
    Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation [where]
    the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms.” — James
    Madison

    ”’Edited by Richard O. Rowland, president of Grassroot Institute of Hawaii, 1314 S. King Street, Suite 1163, Honolulu, HI 96814. Phone/fax is 808-591-9193, cell phone is 808-864-1776. Send him an email at:”’ mailto:grassroot@hawaii.rr.com ”’See the Web site at:”’ https://www.grassrootinstitute.org/

    Grassroot Perspective – July 29, 2003-Judge Nixes Government Delay of Doctors’ Trial; Do Over; Direct Democracy and the Size of Government

    0

    “Dick Rowland Image”

    ”Shoots (News, Views and Quotes)”

    – Judge Nixes Government Delay of Doctors’ Trial

    AAPS Accuses Prosecutors of Stall Tactics

    Contact: Kathryn Serkes

    Association of American Physicians & Surgeons, 202.333.3855, mailto:kaserkes@att.net see Web site at: https://www.aapsonline.org

    TUCSON, AZ – July 3, 2003 — A federal judge has told prosecutions to
    stop dragging their feet, and get on with the trial of Tucson physician,
    Jeri Hassman, accused of 67 counts of wrongful prescribing of pain
    medication for her patients.

    In a court proceeding this week, prosecutors from the United States
    Attorney’s office asked to delay the trial for almost a year. But Judge
    David Bury refused, noting in his opening remarks that the trial had
    already been continued from the original May 28 court date.

    “The federal government was ready to indict Dr. Hassman, to shut down
    her practice, to force her pain patients to find another physician, and
    to drive her into bankruptcy,” said Jane M. Orient, M.D., Executive
    Director of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, a
    national physician organization that supports Dr. Hassman.

    “But when it comes time to go in the courtroom where Dr. Hassman will
    finally be found innocent, it claims that it is not ready to go to
    trial, where it would have prove its case to a jury,” said Dr. Orient.
    The FBI has been investigating Dr. Hassman since 1998, and executed a
    search warrant in May, 2002. “Isn’t that enough time to pull a case
    together if they really had one?”

    Dr. Orient said that the prosecution’s case may be falling apart because
    of their reliance on a suspect expert witness. “Apparently, the
    government now thinks that its own expert witness used to get the
    indictment and to get Dr. Hassman’s DEA registration suspended isn’t
    good enough for the trial. They want more time to shop for a new one,”
    she said.

    Dr. Orient further points out that the witness, Dr. Bradford Hare, was a
    key witness in the first trial of Dr. Robert Weitzel of Utah, who was
    charged with murder and convicted of negligent homicide and manslaughter
    in the deaths of five elderly patients. But Dr. Weitzel was eventually
    acquitted at a second trial when it was exposed that the government had
    concealed problems with the evidence of the expert witnesses.

    “They can hold her hostage with these delays. They can ruin her without
    ever going to court to prove a thing with demands that drive up her
    legal bills, and prejudicial assertions that besmirch her reputation. If
    they can’t make a case by now, maybe they should admit to making a
    mistake and let a good doctor get back to treating her patients,” she
    concluded.

    – Do Over

    It might be funny if so much were not at stake. Months after the
    “federalization” of airport security was supposed to solve all the
    problems of air travel, airports are pining for the day of private
    security forces. Turns out the Transportation Security Administration
    produced a rigid, bureaucratic work force that cannot adjust to meet the
    rapid changes experienced by the up-and-down airline world.

    PWow. The next thing you know, the public sector union trying to
    organize the government’s screeners will say that private contractors
    are a bad idea who will put the nation at risk.

    “It’s the wrong message in the war on terror,” Peter Winch, national
    organizer for the American Federation of Government Employees, told The
    Washington Post. “For TSA, just supervising a bunch of contract
    operations would lead to different standards at different airports. It
    would get away from one national security system.”

    Nonetheless, if airports see that TSA screeners cannot get people on and
    off planes in a timely, safe manner, they will look elsewhere.

    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A55670-2003May29.html?nav=hptoc_b

    Above article is quoted from The Reason Express, Reason’s Weekly
    Dispatch June 3, 2003 https://www.reason.com

    ”Roots (Food for Thought)”

    – Direct Democracy and the Size of Government

    By Amy K. Frantz

    The initiative and referendum allow voters to have a direct voice in
    government, but research appears to show that, overall, these tools of
    direct democracy have little or no effect on limiting the size or growth
    of government. Professor Gary M. Anderson explores this concept in
    “Referendum, Redistribution, and Tax Exemption: A Rent-Seeking Theory of
    Direct Democracy,” a chapter from POLITICS, TAXATION, AND THE RULE OF
    LAW, a new book from Public Interest Institute.

    Twenty-four states allow some type of initiative or referendum process.
    The initiative process permits citizens to draft their own legislation
    and, if they are able to obtain enough support by gathering signatures
    on a petition, to place that measure on the ballot for consideration by
    the voters. With the referendum, voters consider laws that were
    previously enacted by state or local governments. A referendum can be
    undertaken by citizens, gathering signatures to allow consideration of a
    previously-enacted law, or by the Legislative body itself, seeking voter
    approval of a law it has adopted.

    Initiative and referendum provide the voters a means to overcome their
    elected officials’ lack of action or actions taken in the officials’ own
    self-interest rather than the interests of the citizens they represent.
    “In other words, the institutions of direct democracy in the form of the
    initiative/referendum amount to a kind of constitutional constraint on
    the behavior of governmental decision-makers.”

    However, as a means to limit government spending, “direct democracy”
    doesn’t seem to make much difference. Studies on this subject do not
    yield any significant results. Some studies show the initiative process
    results in higher expenditures; others show government expenditures are
    lower when the initiative process is available to voters. “Often the
    true aim of initiatives and referendums is clearly to ease and
    accelerate [the] growth [of government].”

    Governments impose “coercive levies” on society, sometimes to raise
    revenue, other times to attempt to influence behavior (e.g., imposing
    higher tobacco taxes to discourage smoking). The tax burden created by
    this imposition is “allocated between the producers and consumers. This
    allocation process is accessible to private interest groups who may
    invest resources for the purpose of affecting the burden distribution in
    their favor.”

    In the states in which the initiative process is available, interest
    groups that would typically lobby the government might instead turn to
    the initiative process as a more secure and long-lasting means of
    achieving their goals. An interest group may obtain a favorable outcome
    from the Legislature, with the passage of a law that places more of the
    tax burden on some other segment of the population. But the Legislature
    can only provide a statutory solution; as the Legislature changes, the
    interest group must continue to lobby to maintain support for the law.
    However, if the interest group can use the initiative process to secure
    a Constitutional Amendment, it will be more difficult in the future to
    eliminate or change the benefit it provides to the interest group.

    The initiative and referendum process – tools of direct democracy — are
    often promoted as a means of limiting the size and scope of government.
    In this chapter, the author contends that, “whatever its other impacts
    or implications [the initiative and referendum process] functions as a
    means by which the tax burden is rearranged to the benefit of particular
    interest groups and to the detriment of others; in other words, a
    coercive wealth transfer.”

    Above article is quoted from Public Interest Institute at Iowa Wesleyan
    College, Institute Brief June 2003, https://www.limitedgovernment.org

    ”Evergreen (Today’s Quotes)”

    “To really participate in the Divine Task, man must place his ideals as
    high as possible, out of reach if necessary.” — Lecomte Du Nouy

    “[The Constitution preserves]the advantage of being armed which
    Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation [where]
    the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms.” — James
    Madison

    ”’Edited by Richard O. Rowland, president of Grassroot Institute of Hawaii, 1314 S. King Street, Suite 1163, Honolulu, HI 96814. Phone/fax is 808-591-9193, cell phone is 808-864-1776. Send him an email at:”’ mailto:grassroot@hawaii.rr.com ”’See the Web site at:”’ https://www.grassrootinstitute.org/

    From Being Friendly to Finding Mr. Right

    0

    “Suzanne Gelb Image”

    ”Flirting, or Just Friendly?”

    Dear Dr. Gelb:

    My husband is outgoing and friendly. He strikes up conversations with people whenever he can like in the elevator or at the supermarket. Sometimes I get anxious because I think he is flirting with women he talks with, but knowing him, he is just being friendly. Why does this bother me?

    Bothered

    Dr. Gelb says . . .

    Dear Bothered:

    Many women are so busy battling their own insecurities and jealousy that they miss out on positive experiences that could be shared with their partner. It is so important to resolve this negativity so that they can enjoy their mate’s extroversion along with him.

    ”Dating, What If There’s No Divorce?”

    Dear Dr. Gelb:

    I’m dating a man who is separated from his wife and says he is going to divorce. I see no signs of that in the 5 months I’ve known him. I think he is the one for me, we love each other deeply. But my gut says I am not sure he will get a divorce and right now I feel like I am dating a “married man.” This goes against my morals. Should I break it off?

    Up In the Air

    Dr. Gelb says . . .

    Dear Up In the Air:

    One way that some women have learned about their Mr. Right’s real intentions, was by deciding to hold off on sexual relations until the promised commitment was fulfilled. This was not intended as a bribe or threat, but as a type of barometer to see where the relationship might be headed. One young woman summed up her experience, saying “I learned real fast where the man of my dreams was at when I said ‘sex after marriage, not before’ — nowhere to be found.” I find myself wondering what your answer might be were you to ask yourself, “If this man intended to divorce his wife, wouldn’t he have already done so?” Good luck.

    ”’Suzanne J. Gelb, Ph.D., J.D. authors this daily column, Dr. Gelb Says, which answers questions about daily living and behavior issues. Dr. Gelb is a licensed psychologist in private practice in Honolulu. She holds a Ph.D. in Psychology and a Ph.D. in Human Services. Dr. Gelb is also a published author of a book on Overcoming Addictions and a book on Relationships.”’

    ”’This column is intended for entertainment use only and is not intended for the purpose of psychological diagnosis, treatment or personalized advice. For more about the column’s purpose, see”’ “An Online Intro to Dr. Gelb Says”

    ”’Email your questions to mailto:DrGelbSays@hawaiireporter.com More information on Dr. Gelb’s services and related resources available at”’ https://www.DrGelbSays.com

    From Being Friendly to Finding Mr. Right

    0

    “Suzanne Gelb Image”

    ”Flirting, or Just Friendly?”

    Dear Dr. Gelb:

    My husband is outgoing and friendly. He strikes up conversations with people whenever he can like in the elevator or at the supermarket. Sometimes I get anxious because I think he is flirting with women he talks with, but knowing him, he is just being friendly. Why does this bother me?

    Bothered

    Dr. Gelb says . . .

    Dear Bothered:

    Many women are so busy battling their own insecurities and jealousy that they miss out on positive experiences that could be shared with their partner. It is so important to resolve this negativity so that they can enjoy their mate’s extroversion along with him.

    ”Dating, What If There’s No Divorce?”

    Dear Dr. Gelb:

    I’m dating a man who is separated from his wife and says he is going to divorce. I see no signs of that in the 5 months I’ve known him. I think he is the one for me, we love each other deeply. But my gut says I am not sure he will get a divorce and right now I feel like I am dating a “married man.” This goes against my morals. Should I break it off?

    Up In the Air

    Dr. Gelb says . . .

    Dear Up In the Air:

    One way that some women have learned about their Mr. Right’s real intentions, was by deciding to hold off on sexual relations until the promised commitment was fulfilled. This was not intended as a bribe or threat, but as a type of barometer to see where the relationship might be headed. One young woman summed up her experience, saying “I learned real fast where the man of my dreams was at when I said ‘sex after marriage, not before’ — nowhere to be found.” I find myself wondering what your answer might be were you to ask yourself, “If this man intended to divorce his wife, wouldn’t he have already done so?” Good luck.

    ”’Suzanne J. Gelb, Ph.D., J.D. authors this daily column, Dr. Gelb Says, which answers questions about daily living and behavior issues. Dr. Gelb is a licensed psychologist in private practice in Honolulu. She holds a Ph.D. in Psychology and a Ph.D. in Human Services. Dr. Gelb is also a published author of a book on Overcoming Addictions and a book on Relationships.”’

    ”’This column is intended for entertainment use only and is not intended for the purpose of psychological diagnosis, treatment or personalized advice. For more about the column’s purpose, see”’ “An Online Intro to Dr. Gelb Says”

    ”’Email your questions to mailto:DrGelbSays@hawaiireporter.com More information on Dr. Gelb’s services and related resources available at”’ https://www.DrGelbSays.com

    Wacky Wire Stories – July 28, 2003-Stories too Wild, Wacky or Interesting to Be Dumped in Cyber Trash

    0

    ”Gang Boss Killed by Parrot”

    SYDNEY — A Scottish-born underworld boss who survived a bombing, shooting, and a heart attack has died of pneumonia from a parrot.

    James McCartney Anderson, who left Scotland for Australia, was well known to police in Sydney, where he managed bars, nightclubs and strip clubs.

    He was also a suspect in one of Australia’s greatest unsolved murders, when a woman went missing after visiting one of his clubs, the Glasgow Daily Record reported Saturday.

    Despite surviving several brushes with death, “Big Jim” caught an infection after feeding rosell parrots a few weeks ago.

    It developed into avian pneumonia and hospital doctors treating him discovered that the 73-year-old was suffering from cancer. He died just days later.

    The newspaper said while Anderson had a fearsome temper, he mostly maintained a cheery disposition. His typical farewell was, “Remember, mate, every day’s a bonus.”

    ”Naked Austrian Statue Shocks Mayor”

    SALZBURG, Austria — Even Prince Charles may find it hard to keep a stiff British upper lip as he passes by the giant statue during his weekend trip to Salzburg, Austria.

    That is what is worrying Salzburg Mayor Heinz Schaden as he prepares to receive the heir to the British throne, who is well-heeled in the art of British understatement, BBC reports.

    The cause of His Honor’s worry?

    The statue, unveiled Friday, is named “Arc de Triomphe.” It depicts a naked man bending over backwards with his hands on the ground, while his manhood, shown in two-feet long erection, thrusts skyward.

    Mayor Schaden says it would be impossible for Prince Charles to avoid seeing the figure when he arrives in the city of Mozart’s birth. He wants the sculpture taken down immediately.

    It seems no one sought the mayor’s permission to put up the art. The artists who did the work say the piece has a royal theme about it with the majestic arch of the man bending over.

    ”Medical Center is Really a Hair Salon”

    WELLINGTON, New Zealand — A New Zealand-funded trust for Maori people is paying for a medical center but it is, in fact, a hair salon.

    The Dominion Post reported the building, leased for 10 cents a year to a Maori trust to provide health services is being used instead as a hairdressing salon by the sister of the trust’s chief executive.

    Former employees of Waipukurau-based Te Whatuiapiti Trust, which receives more than $800,000 (USD470,000) a year in taxpayer funding to improve Maori health, say the trust is rife with nepotism.

    The chief executive of Te Whatuiapiti Trust is former dental nurse Brenda Kupa-White. Her brother, former sheep shearer Russell Kupa, is the chairman.

    Among trust employees are Kupa, two other sisters, his wife and his stepfather.

    Kupa told an employee he once counseled a psychiatric patient by telling him to sit down before he knocked him down.

    ”Midnight Might have Psychological Problems”

    SIMI VALLEY, Calif. — A Simi Valley thieving cat might be suffering psychological problems – but he’s certainly is causing problems for his owners and their neighbors.

    The Simi Valley Star says Midnight, the marauding four-legged street pirate, nightly plunders garages, sheds, back yards and patios. He proudly carries home to his distressed owners, Sue and Richard Boyd, various articles of feline value.

    Sue Boyd told the newspaper: “We wake up in the morning and go out and there’s stuff under the truck. The cat leaves things all over. We don’t want these things.”

    Midnight apparently likes apparel — shoes, hats, shirts, panties — all of which his owners daily put in a bag and hang from their mailbox so neighbors can reclaim missing items.

    A animal behavior psychologist says one solution might be to give the klepto cat an obsessive-compulsive medication.

    The Boyds are considering giving Midnight a feline obsessive-compulsive medication but, for now, “All we can do is laugh.”

    ”Playboy: Men Subscribe for the Articles?”

    NEW YORK — Playboy Magazine is celebrating its 50th birthday by selling some of its assets, including proofs of the first James Bond novel, published in Playboy in 1963.

    The London Telegraph said Playboy is not only well known for its women, but for its literature as well. The magazine, over the years, has featured such authors as Ian Fleming, Ray Bradbury and Arthur C. Clarke.

    And as part of its 50th anniversary, more than 300
    Playboy items will be auctioned at Christie’s in New York. Bidders at the Dec. 17 auction are expected to offer as much as $25,000 for some items.

    Included in the auction will be more than 70 original prints of photographs, such as an early portrait of Marilyn Monroe and John Derek’s nude picture of his wife, Bo, which is expected to gain up to $7,000 in bids.

    Other paintings, drawings and cartoons used to illustrate the magazine over the 50 years are included in the sale.

    ”Menopause Researchers Turn to Ewes”

    BOULDER, Colo. — Researchers studying menopause are increasingly using sheep in clinical studies because sheep experience many of the same problems as humans.

    Colorado State University research projects verify that under induced menopause sheep behave much like menopausal women.

    When their ovaries are removed, older ewes experience hot flashes, eye trouble, bone density loss and other symptoms of menopause.

    That means research that would benefit menopausal and post-menopausal women, such as about estrogen replacement therapy, osteoporosis treatments, and prevention of arthritis and sight-inhibiting changes can be conducted on ewes.

    As an example, a Colorado State University study measured hot flashes with tiny embedded temperature loggers in ewes. It showed that estrogen replacement results in milder and less frequent hot flashes. That phenomenon was previously unreported in other animals with the exception of laboratory rats with their ovaries removed or in research monkeys.

    ”Airport Detector Beeps Scanning Manatee”

    SARASOTA, Fla. — Airport security went underwater in Florida to locate a medical thermometer lodged in a manatee.

    Lab workers at the Mote Marine Laboraties in Sarasota fed two dime-sized thermometers to Buffett, a 1,800-pound manatee to record his intestinal temperature July 1.

    They expected him to pass them both within eight days, but only one appeared, the Sarasota Herald-Tribune reported Saturday.

    Manatee expert Debborah Colbert came up with the idea of using an airport metal-detecting wand to determine where the missing thermometer was exactly.

    So Chris Kelleher of the Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport agreed to get into Buffett’s tank and wand him over.

    The thermometer was found deep inside, and near the end of Buffett’s intestinal tract. He eventually passed the gadget July 14 reassuring the scientists who feared it would cause an infection.

    ”Mobile Phones Come to Iraq”

    BAGHDAD — Mobile phone networks are springing up in Iraq even before occupation authorities have gotten round to handing out official licenses.

    Iraq’s communications systems have been devastated, first by 12 years of sanctions and then by the bombings in the Iraq war.

    At present, only two official mobile networks exist — one, in Baghdad, is operated by MCI by bankrupt U.S. telecom firm WorldCom which is used for U.S. personnel, the British Broadcasting Corp. reported.

    The other covers the south and is run by MTC-Vodafone, a consortium operated out of Kuwait.

    Both are based on the GSM mobile standard, used by 60 million people in 20 neighboring Arab countries and also by about 70 percent of mobile users worldwide, according to the BBC.

    ”New Magazine Shows What America is Like”

    WASHINGTON — A new magazine sponsored by the U.S. government is intended to show people in the Mideast what America is really like, officials say.

    The magazine, called Hi, is funded by $4.2 million from the U.S. State Department.

    Christopher Ross, the department’s senior adviser for the Arab world on public diplomacy said officials “looked for ways to rebuild a two-way dialogue” with Arab countries after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and it was hoped the magazine would help in that effort.

    The first edition of the magazine, published completely in Arabic, is just off the presses. It is aimed at readers 18 to 35.

    Hi’s editorial consultant is Samir Husni, a University of Mississippi journalism professor.

    “It gives me an opportunity to serve my adopted country in a way I never dreamed I would do, in my native language,” said Husni, who is from Lebanon.

    Beginning this month, 50,000 copies of the magazine are being distributed monthly to offices and newsstands across the Middle East.

    Copyright 2003 by United Press International. All rights reserved.

    Wacky Wire Stories – July 28, 2003-Stories too Wild, Wacky or Interesting to Be Dumped in Cyber Trash

    0

    ”Gang Boss Killed by Parrot”

    SYDNEY — A Scottish-born underworld boss who survived a bombing, shooting, and a heart attack has died of pneumonia from a parrot.

    James McCartney Anderson, who left Scotland for Australia, was well known to police in Sydney, where he managed bars, nightclubs and strip clubs.

    He was also a suspect in one of Australia’s greatest unsolved murders, when a woman went missing after visiting one of his clubs, the Glasgow Daily Record reported Saturday.

    Despite surviving several brushes with death, “Big Jim” caught an infection after feeding rosell parrots a few weeks ago.

    It developed into avian pneumonia and hospital doctors treating him discovered that the 73-year-old was suffering from cancer. He died just days later.

    The newspaper said while Anderson had a fearsome temper, he mostly maintained a cheery disposition. His typical farewell was, “Remember, mate, every day’s a bonus.”

    ”Naked Austrian Statue Shocks Mayor”

    SALZBURG, Austria — Even Prince Charles may find it hard to keep a stiff British upper lip as he passes by the giant statue during his weekend trip to Salzburg, Austria.

    That is what is worrying Salzburg Mayor Heinz Schaden as he prepares to receive the heir to the British throne, who is well-heeled in the art of British understatement, BBC reports.

    The cause of His Honor’s worry?

    The statue, unveiled Friday, is named “Arc de Triomphe.” It depicts a naked man bending over backwards with his hands on the ground, while his manhood, shown in two-feet long erection, thrusts skyward.

    Mayor Schaden says it would be impossible for Prince Charles to avoid seeing the figure when he arrives in the city of Mozart’s birth. He wants the sculpture taken down immediately.

    It seems no one sought the mayor’s permission to put up the art. The artists who did the work say the piece has a royal theme about it with the majestic arch of the man bending over.

    ”Medical Center is Really a Hair Salon”

    WELLINGTON, New Zealand — A New Zealand-funded trust for Maori people is paying for a medical center but it is, in fact, a hair salon.

    The Dominion Post reported the building, leased for 10 cents a year to a Maori trust to provide health services is being used instead as a hairdressing salon by the sister of the trust’s chief executive.

    Former employees of Waipukurau-based Te Whatuiapiti Trust, which receives more than $800,000 (USD470,000) a year in taxpayer funding to improve Maori health, say the trust is rife with nepotism.

    The chief executive of Te Whatuiapiti Trust is former dental nurse Brenda Kupa-White. Her brother, former sheep shearer Russell Kupa, is the chairman.

    Among trust employees are Kupa, two other sisters, his wife and his stepfather.

    Kupa told an employee he once counseled a psychiatric patient by telling him to sit down before he knocked him down.

    ”Midnight Might have Psychological Problems”

    SIMI VALLEY, Calif. — A Simi Valley thieving cat might be suffering psychological problems – but he’s certainly is causing problems for his owners and their neighbors.

    The Simi Valley Star says Midnight, the marauding four-legged street pirate, nightly plunders garages, sheds, back yards and patios. He proudly carries home to his distressed owners, Sue and Richard Boyd, various articles of feline value.

    Sue Boyd told the newspaper: “We wake up in the morning and go out and there’s stuff under the truck. The cat leaves things all over. We don’t want these things.”

    Midnight apparently likes apparel — shoes, hats, shirts, panties — all of which his owners daily put in a bag and hang from their mailbox so neighbors can reclaim missing items.

    A animal behavior psychologist says one solution might be to give the klepto cat an obsessive-compulsive medication.

    The Boyds are considering giving Midnight a feline obsessive-compulsive medication but, for now, “All we can do is laugh.”

    ”Playboy: Men Subscribe for the Articles?”

    NEW YORK — Playboy Magazine is celebrating its 50th birthday by selling some of its assets, including proofs of the first James Bond novel, published in Playboy in 1963.

    The London Telegraph said Playboy is not only well known for its women, but for its literature as well. The magazine, over the years, has featured such authors as Ian Fleming, Ray Bradbury and Arthur C. Clarke.

    And as part of its 50th anniversary, more than 300
    Playboy items will be auctioned at Christie’s in New York. Bidders at the Dec. 17 auction are expected to offer as much as $25,000 for some items.

    Included in the auction will be more than 70 original prints of photographs, such as an early portrait of Marilyn Monroe and John Derek’s nude picture of his wife, Bo, which is expected to gain up to $7,000 in bids.

    Other paintings, drawings and cartoons used to illustrate the magazine over the 50 years are included in the sale.

    ”Menopause Researchers Turn to Ewes”

    BOULDER, Colo. — Researchers studying menopause are increasingly using sheep in clinical studies because sheep experience many of the same problems as humans.

    Colorado State University research projects verify that under induced menopause sheep behave much like menopausal women.

    When their ovaries are removed, older ewes experience hot flashes, eye trouble, bone density loss and other symptoms of menopause.

    That means research that would benefit menopausal and post-menopausal women, such as about estrogen replacement therapy, osteoporosis treatments, and prevention of arthritis and sight-inhibiting changes can be conducted on ewes.

    As an example, a Colorado State University study measured hot flashes with tiny embedded temperature loggers in ewes. It showed that estrogen replacement results in milder and less frequent hot flashes. That phenomenon was previously unreported in other animals with the exception of laboratory rats with their ovaries removed or in research monkeys.

    ”Airport Detector Beeps Scanning Manatee”

    SARASOTA, Fla. — Airport security went underwater in Florida to locate a medical thermometer lodged in a manatee.

    Lab workers at the Mote Marine Laboraties in Sarasota fed two dime-sized thermometers to Buffett, a 1,800-pound manatee to record his intestinal temperature July 1.

    They expected him to pass them both within eight days, but only one appeared, the Sarasota Herald-Tribune reported Saturday.

    Manatee expert Debborah Colbert came up with the idea of using an airport metal-detecting wand to determine where the missing thermometer was exactly.

    So Chris Kelleher of the Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport agreed to get into Buffett’s tank and wand him over.

    The thermometer was found deep inside, and near the end of Buffett’s intestinal tract. He eventually passed the gadget July 14 reassuring the scientists who feared it would cause an infection.

    ”Mobile Phones Come to Iraq”

    BAGHDAD — Mobile phone networks are springing up in Iraq even before occupation authorities have gotten round to handing out official licenses.

    Iraq’s communications systems have been devastated, first by 12 years of sanctions and then by the bombings in the Iraq war.

    At present, only two official mobile networks exist — one, in Baghdad, is operated by MCI by bankrupt U.S. telecom firm WorldCom which is used for U.S. personnel, the British Broadcasting Corp. reported.

    The other covers the south and is run by MTC-Vodafone, a consortium operated out of Kuwait.

    Both are based on the GSM mobile standard, used by 60 million people in 20 neighboring Arab countries and also by about 70 percent of mobile users worldwide, according to the BBC.

    ”New Magazine Shows What America is Like”

    WASHINGTON — A new magazine sponsored by the U.S. government is intended to show people in the Mideast what America is really like, officials say.

    The magazine, called Hi, is funded by $4.2 million from the U.S. State Department.

    Christopher Ross, the department’s senior adviser for the Arab world on public diplomacy said officials “looked for ways to rebuild a two-way dialogue” with Arab countries after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and it was hoped the magazine would help in that effort.

    The first edition of the magazine, published completely in Arabic, is just off the presses. It is aimed at readers 18 to 35.

    Hi’s editorial consultant is Samir Husni, a University of Mississippi journalism professor.

    “It gives me an opportunity to serve my adopted country in a way I never dreamed I would do, in my native language,” said Husni, who is from Lebanon.

    Beginning this month, 50,000 copies of the magazine are being distributed monthly to offices and newsstands across the Middle East.

    Copyright 2003 by United Press International. All rights reserved.